The TomTom Traffic Index 2017 is the annual report detailing the cities around the world with the most traffic congestion.
Lisbon is, for the second year running, the most congested city, with drivers here having to spend an additional 36 percent of time stuck in traffic. This figure is up 5 percent from last year.
This number equates to Lisbon motorists spending an average of 40 minutes a day in traffic, which annually totals 154 hours, or almost seven days.
Lisbon leads cities across the border such as Barcelona (31 percent), Palma de Maiorca (29 percent), Granada (26 percent) and Madrid with 25 percent.
Porto meanwhile also saw congestion rise, with its percentage of lost time now standing at 27 percent.
Friday evenings between 6pm and 7pm are when Lisbon and Porto motorists are said to spend the greatest amount of time stuck in traffic.
Three other Portuguese cities were also included in the list this year, with Funchal receiving a congestion rating of 19 percent, followed by Braga and Coimbra, which were both on 17 percent.
Mexico City once again took the top spot globally with drivers in the Mexican capital expecting to spend an average of 66 percent extra travel time stuck in traffic anytime of the day (7 percentage points up on last year), and up to 101 percent in the evening peak periods versus a free flow, or uncongested, situation.
Next in the global rankings are Bangkok (61 percent), Jakarta (58 percent), Chongqing (52 percent) and Bucharest (50 percent), making up the top five most congested cities in the world.
Using data from 2016, the TomTom Traffic Index looks at the traffic congestion situation in 390 cities in 48 countries on six continents.
TomTom explains that it works with nearly 19 trillion data points that have been accumulated over nine years. This is the sixth year of the TomTom Traffic Index.
In Europe, Bucharest (50 percent) knocked Moscow (44 percent) off last year’s top spot, with Saint Petersburg (41 percent), London (40 percent) and Marseille (40 percent) making up the top five.
Manchester was rated ninth, with 38 percent, just behind Rome, Paris and Brussels.
Looking at TomTom’s historical data, traffic congestion is up by 23 percent globally since 2008.
Between 2015 and 2016, while North America’s traffic congestion has only increased by 5 percent, Europe’s has increased by 9 percent. Asia and Oceania are both up by 12 percent, while South America is up 7 percent, and Africa, by 15 percent, equating to a global rise of 10 percent on 2015.