The Portuguese capital fell one place in the list compiled by consultants Mercer, which measures 39 factors deemed important to quality of living.

Vienna occupies first place for overall quality of living for the 8th year running, with the rest of the top-ten list mostly filled by European cities such as Zurich, Munich, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Geneva, Copenhagen and Basel.

The only non-European cities in the top ten are Auckland and Vancouver.