At Pedrogão Grande, 200 kilometres north-east of Lisbon, 47 people died in their cars as they fled the flames in June 2017.
Investigators allege the municipal road they used was not properly maintained and had dense woodland running close along it.
A prosecutors’ statement said those facing charges include three local councillors and a council employee, three executives for a road maintenance company, three commanders from the government’s Civil Protection Agency and two executives at a power company.
Fire investigators believe the blaze began at a power line and spread fast due to strong winds and high temperatures amid a severe drought.