This visceral fat is metabolically active and can increase the risk of several chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer.

According to the WHO, in 2022, there would be approximately 2.5 billion overweight adults, of which approximately 890 million were obese. These numbers demonstrate a dramatic increase since 1990, signalling a growing global obesity epidemic.

Visceral obesity can affect people of all ages but tends to increase with age. Regarding differences between the sexes, a higher rate is observed in women, especially after menopause, due to hormonal changes and the distribution of body fat associated with ageing.

Visceral fat can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and contribute to the development of liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This type of fat also negatively influences lipid metabolism, increasing LDL and reducing HDL, which increases the risk of cardiovascular problems. There is also a correlation between visceral fat and an increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as colon and pancreatic cancer. Additionally, visceral fat can cause or worsen gastrointestinal conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux, and contribute to systemic inflammation due to the release of inflammatory substances. Reducing this fat involves lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medical intervention.

The pathophysiology of visceral obesity involves a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors.

To accurately diagnose visceral obesity, it is common to use imaging methods that allow the distribution of fat in the body to be visualised. Some of the most effective tests include CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, and bioimpedance. When there is the presence of steatosis (liver fat), the most effective test is FibroScan®, a device that allows the evaluation and quantification of fibrosis and steatosis in liver function and is crucial in monitoring patients with liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, and non-alcoholic diseases. In addition to these imaging tests, measuring abdominal circumference can be an indication of visceral obesity when values ​​are above 102cm in men and 88cm in women. Although less specific, this method is practical and often used as an initial marker to assess the risk associated with visceral fat.

Effective treatment of visceral obesity often requires an integrated approach that includes not only weight loss but also associated metabolic and inflammatory complications. Lifestyle changes, dietary interventions, increased physical activity, and in some cases, medical interventions. Among them, strategies and behavioural therapy could be considered to reduce stress, medications, and bariatric surgery, in the presence of morbid obesity or obesity associated with serious medical conditions.

Importantly, treating visceral obesity requires a personalised approach, tailored to each person’s individual needs, medical history, and lifestyle preferences.

For more information please contact Grupo HPA Saude on (+351) 282 420 400.