Brussels clarified that only the material impossibility of refuelling, and not simply an increase in kerosene prices, removes the financial responsibility of carriers, since local shortages are considered beyond the companies' control, while market fluctuations are part of the normal risk of the activity.

To protect passengers, the European executive has strengthened transparency rules, prohibiting the retroactive charging of fuel surcharges after a ticket is purchased.

Companies are required to present the final price at the time of sale, avoiding unexpected charges, except for organised trips where this is contractually stipulated.

This measure to strengthen transparency comes at a time of instability caused by the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, although the Commission assures that, to date, there is no evidence of a widespread fuel shortage in the European Union.

Additionally, the new guidelines introduce operational flexibility to keep flights running. Carriers may be temporarily exempt from the 90% fuel uplift rule, which influences aircraft weight and fuel consumption, and will be exempt from penalties for not using landing and takeoff slots if there are fuel supply problems at airports.

In this way, the European Union seeks to mitigate the effects of international tensions on the aviation sector without neglecting consumers' fundamental rights.